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Diosgenin Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles with Potential Anticancer Efficacy.

Nikita Sharma1, Monisha Singhal2, R Mankamna Kumari1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India.

Biomolecules
|December 19, 2020
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Summary

Diosgenin-loaded poly-glycerol malate co-dodecanedioate (PGMD) nanoparticles show enhanced anticancer efficacy against lung carcinoma. Optimized PGMD nanoparticles demonstrate improved cytotoxicity compared to free diosgenin.

Keywords:
Box-Behnken designPGMD nanoparticlesanticancerdiosgenin

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diosgenin, a natural compound, possesses anticancer properties but faces challenges in delivery.
  • Polymeric nanoparticles offer a promising platform for targeted drug delivery and improved bioavailability.
  • Poly-glycerol malate co-dodecanedioate (PGMD) is explored as a biocompatible material for nanoparticle formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize diosgenin-loaded PGMD nanoparticles for anticancer applications.
  • To optimize the synthesis of PGMD nanoparticles using statistical design methods.
  • To evaluate the in vitro anticancer efficacy and release kinetics of the developed nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Diosgenin-loaded PGMD nanoparticles (variants 7:3 and 6:4) synthesized via nanoprecipitation.
  • Box-Behnken design employed for systematic optimization of nanoparticle synthesis parameters.
  • Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and cytotoxicity assays (IC50) performed.

Main Results:

  • Optimized PGMD nanoparticles achieved sizes of 133.6 nm (7:3) and 121.4 nm (6:4) with high entrapment efficiency (77-83%).
  • In vitro release studies indicated a diffusion and dissolution-controlled pattern following the Korsmeyer-Peppas model.
  • PGMD nanoparticles exhibited significantly lower IC50 values (15.15 µM for 7:3, 13.91 µM for 6:4) compared to free diosgenin (27.14 µM) against A549 lung carcinoma cells.

Conclusions:

  • Diosgenin-loaded PGMD nanoparticles represent an effective drug delivery system for enhancing anticancer activity.
  • The optimized nanoparticle formulation demonstrates superior cytotoxicity against lung carcinoma cells.
  • This study highlights the potential of PGMD nanoparticles for developing novel cancer therapeutics.