Development of a Graphene-Based Biosensor for Detecting Recombinant Cyanovirin-N

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Recombinant cyanovirin-N (rCV-N) is a potent antiviral protein and microbicide effective against HIV replication.
• Current detection methods for rCV-N lack the sensitivity required for widespread application.
• Large-scale production of rCV-N from soybean seeds is feasible using industrial processing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a highly sensitive and selective graphene-based biosensor for detecting rCV-N.
• To establish a new diagnostic tool for monitoring rCV-N concentration in potential microbicide formulations.
• To assess the feasibility of using this biosensor for HIV prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

• Graphene monolayer devices were modified with 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester.
• Antibodies were immobilized onto the modified graphene surface.
• Electrical resistance changes were monitored to quantify rCV-N concentration.

Main Results:

• The biosensor demonstrated selectivity for rCV-N.
• Detection of rCV-N was achieved in the concentration range of 0.01 to 10 ng/mL.
• An ultra-low detection limit of 0.45 pg/mL was achieved, surpassing existing techniques.
• The sensor exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility.

Conclusions:

• The developed graphene biosensor provides a highly sensitive and selective method for detecting rCV-N.
• This technology has significant potential for the large-scale application of rCV-N as an HIV microbicide.
• The biosensor's performance supports its use in advancing HIV prevention and treatment strategies.