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Micronuclei, inflammation and auto-immune disease.

Micheline Kirsch-Volders1, Claudia Bolognesi2, Marcello Ceppi3

  • 1Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Department Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.

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|December 19, 2020
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Summary

Micronuclei (MN), small structures containing DNA, are linked to auto-immune diseases (AUD). This study found a significant association between MN presence and AUD, suggesting MN may play a role in disease development.

Keywords:
Auto-immune diseaseClinical applicationDiabetesInflammationMicronucleus test

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Auto-immune diseases (AUD) involve the immune system attacking self-antigens, with complex multifactorial etiology.
  • Micronuclei (MN) are implicated in AUD pathogenesis through DNA sensing pathways (e.g., cGAS-STING) triggering innate immunity and inflammation.
  • A cyclical relationship exists where inflammation induces MN, and MN formation promotes further inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the association between micronuclei (MN) and auto-immune diseases (AUD).
  • To investigate the potential role of MN in the development and progression of systemic and organ-specific AUD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies reporting MN in patients with systemic or organ-specific AUD.
  • Meta-analysis of lymphocyte MN in diabetes mellitus and Behcet's disease, and buccal MN in diabetes mellitus.
  • Comparison of MN frequency between patients and controls.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant increase in MN was observed in patients with AUD compared to controls across meta-analyses.
  • Buccal cells showed a higher mean MN frequency (3.8+/-0.7) compared to lymphocytes (2.8+/-0.7) in diabetes mellitus patients.
  • Meta-analysis suggested buccal cells might be more sensitive indicators of MN presence in AUD.

Conclusions:

  • Micronuclei (MN) are significantly associated with auto-immune diseases (AUD), indicating a potential role in their pathogenesis.
  • Buccal cell micronucleus analysis may offer higher sensitivity for detecting MN-related changes in AUD.
  • Future research should focus on prospective studies and elucidating the molecular mechanisms linking MN to auto-antibody formation in AUD.