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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth

Published on: May 17, 2024

Should we root treat children's first permanent molars?

Niecoo Tajmehr¹, Anna Graham¹, Chris Deery²

¹DCT in Paediatric Dentistry, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield, UK.

Evidence-Based Dentistry

|December 19, 2020

Summary

Coronal and partial pulpotomies demonstrate high clinical success rates in treating compromised first permanent molars, with success rates of 90.5% and 91.3% respectively. Further research is needed for regenerative endodontics and apexification in molars.

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Area of Science:

Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry

Background:

Treating compromised first permanent molars is crucial for maintaining dental arch integrity.
Pulpotomy techniques are vital conservative treatment options for immature permanent teeth.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the clinical success of various pulpotomy techniques in treating compromised first permanent molars.
To evaluate the available evidence on the efficacy of regenerative endodontics and apexification in similar cases.

Main Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted on Medline (PubMed) and Embase up to November 6, 2019.
Included studies reported clinical success (tooth presence, soundness, and asymptomatic status) with a minimum six-month follow-up.
Eleven studies were included; quality and bias were assessed using GRADE, Cochrane, and Robins-I tools.

Main Results:

Coronal pulpotomies showed a 90.5% success rate (70-100%) over a mean 28.4-month follow-up.
Partial pulpotomies reported a 91.3% success rate (78.5-100%) over a mean 34.4-month follow-up.
Conventional pulpectomy (one study) had a 36% success rate; regenerative endodontics showed promise in one case report.

Conclusions:

Partial and coronal pulpotomies are successful treatment modalities for compromised first permanent molars.
Evidence for apexification in molars is lacking, and further research is required for regenerative endodontics.