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Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain
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Targeting the Immune System for Ischemic Stroke.

Shenpeng R Zhang1, Thanh G Phan2, Christopher G Sobey1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
|December 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Stroke causes millions of deaths and disabilities annually. New therapies are needed to manage immune responses, balancing inflammation to improve long-term outcomes for stroke survivors.

Keywords:
immune cellsimmunotherapyinfectioninflammationpenumbrastroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with limited treatment options for ischemic stroke.
  • Current treatments for ischemic stroke, such as clot lysis and mechanical removal, are insufficient for many patients.
  • Inflammatory processes significantly worsen brain damage for days after stroke, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex immune mechanisms contributing to brain injury after stroke.
  • To highlight the phenomenon of poststroke systemic immunodepression and its consequences.
  • To propose a therapeutic approach balancing pro- and anti-inflammatory responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of innate and adaptive immune cell involvement in stroke.
  • Analysis of inflammatory injury exacerbating infarct development.
  • Examination of systemic immunodepression following stroke.

Main Results:

  • Innate and adaptive immune cells mediate inflammatory injury, expanding infarct size poststroke.
  • Poststroke immunodepression increases susceptibility to infections and mortality.
  • Therapeutic strategies must carefully balance immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting immune-mediated inflammation is crucial for stroke treatment.
  • Balancing pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in a time-sensitive manner is key.
  • Improved long-term outcomes for stroke patients require a nuanced immunomodulatory approach.