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Restless sleep in children: A systematic review.

Lourdes M DelRosso1, Daniel L Picchietti2, Karen Spruyt3

  • 1University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.

Sleep Medicine Reviews
|December 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Restless sleep is common in children with various health conditions, often linked to sleep disruptions. Further research is needed to define restless sleep disorder (RSD) and its impact on children.

Keywords:
ChildrenPediatricRestless sleepRestless sleep disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Sleep Disorders
  • Child Health

Background:

  • Restless sleep is frequently reported in children but its definition and classification remain unclear.
  • The association between restless sleep and various pediatric conditions requires thorough investigation.
  • Understanding restless sleep is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of sleep disturbances in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of restless sleep in children.
  • To document the association of restless sleep with other pediatric conditions.
  • To summarize evidence on whether restless sleep constitutes a distinct sleep disorder.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of electronic databases was conducted using the search term "restless sleep".
  • 107 articles were included, with the majority being observational studies.
  • Studies were categorized based on associated pathologic/condition categories.

Main Results:

  • Restless sleep shows a high prevalence in children with underlying conditions like sleep-disordered breathing, neurologic disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Associated factors include sleep disruption, pain, sleep instability, and caregiver perception.
  • Only four studies provided evidence supporting restless sleep disorder (RSD) as an independent condition.

Conclusions:

  • Restless sleep is prevalent in various pediatric conditions, often secondary to other sleep disruptions.
  • More research is needed to establish clear clinical definitions and understand the etiology and sequelae of restless sleep in children.
  • The distinction between primary and secondary restless sleep may aid in developing clinical trials and treatment strategies.