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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Concrete structures in cold climates, such as those along roadsides, can retain moisture. This moisture makes them susceptible to frost-related damage when temperatures fall below freezing. Adding moisture worsens the damage during temperature fluctuations, leading to repeated freezing and thawing. De-icing salts, spread over these structures to melt ice, add to the freeze-thaw cycle, and draw even more moisture into the concrete.
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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
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Burn Injuries01:22

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Concrete's susceptibility to frost damage during freeze-thaw cycles demands strategic measures to enhance its frost resistance. Employing techniques like air entrainment, adjusting the water-cement ratio, proper curing, and selecting appropriate aggregates are essential.
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Interventions for frostbite injuries.

Anne Kathrine Lorentzen1, Christopher Davis2, Luit Penninga3

  • 1Ilulissat Hospital, Ilulissat, Greenland.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|December 20, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Limited evidence suggests iloprost and iloprost plus recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) may reduce amputations in severe frostbite cases. However, buflomedil, used in the trial, is withdrawn, necessitating further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Clinical trials
  • Dermatology and emergency medicine

Background:

  • Frostbite is a cold thermal injury causing tissue damage, potentially leading to necrosis, gangrene, and amputation.
  • Existing interventions like hyperbaric oxygen, sympathectomy, thrombolytics, and vasodilators lack clear evidence of benefit and harm.
  • Effective management strategies for frostbite injuries remain uncertain, highlighting the need for robust clinical evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the benefits and harms of various medical interventions for frostbite injuries.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different frostbite treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic search of multiple databases including Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase up to November 2020.
  • Included one open-label randomized controlled trial with 47 participants comparing three treatment arms for severe frostbite.
  • Assessed risk of bias, extracted data, and performed statistical analysis using Review Manager 5; quality of evidence was evaluated using GRADE.

Main Results:

  • A single trial indicated that iloprost and iloprost plus recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) may reduce amputation rates compared to buflomedil alone (very low-quality evidence).
  • Iloprost showed potential similar efficacy to iloprost plus rtPA in preventing amputations (very low-quality evidence).
  • No deaths or treatment withdrawals due to adverse events were reported; however, adverse events like flushing and nausea were common but not detailed by group (very low-quality evidence).

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant lack of high-quality evidence for frostbite interventions.
  • Preliminary findings suggest potential benefits of iloprost and iloprost plus rtPA, but the concurrent use of buflomedil (now withdrawn) limits applicability.
  • High-quality randomized trials are essential to establish definitive evidence-based treatments for frostbite injuries.