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Effortful control is associated with executive attention: A computational study.

Paolo Ossola1,2, Camilla Antonucci2, Kevin B Meehan3,4

  • 1Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy.

Journal of Personality
|December 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Greater self-reported effortful control (EC) in adults is linked to enhanced executive attention (EA) specifically during decision-making under conflict, not overall response speed.

Keywords:
drift diffusion modeleffortful controlexecutive attentionself-regulationtemperament

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Temperament Research

Background:

  • Effortful control (EC) is a key aspect of self-regulation, theorized to reflect executive attention (EA) efficiency.
  • Previous research on the EC-EA relationship in adults yielded inconsistent findings.
  • A computational approach was utilized to investigate this association more deeply.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the relationship between self-reported effortful control (EC) and executive attention (EA) in adults.
  • To determine if EC correlates with specific components of cognitive processing during attention tasks.
  • To employ a computational model to dissect decision-making processes.

Main Methods:

  • Four hundred twenty-seven healthy adults completed the Adult Temperament Questionnaire and the revised Attention Network Task.
  • Executive attention (EA) was assessed via the flanker effect (FE) and a drift-diffusion model.
  • The drift-diffusion model provided parameters for drift rate and extra-decisional time.

Main Results:

  • Self-reported EC did not correlate with the classic flanker effect (FE).
  • EC positively correlated with the drift rate for incongruent trials.
  • This association remained significant after controlling for congruent trial drift rate and extra-decisional time.

Conclusions:

  • This study confirms an association between self-reported effortful control (EC) and executive attention (EA) in adults.
  • EC is specifically linked to improved goal-directed decision-making when faced with conflicting information.
  • EC does not appear to be associated with general response facilitation.