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Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery
Published on: May 6, 2020
An Affordable Neurosurgical Training System for Neurosurgical Residents; The Indian Perspective
Krishna M D Narayanan1, D Balasubramanian2
1Department of Neurosurgery, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Context:
Neurosurgical training in India.
Aims:
To establish a sustainable, functional, and relatively inexpensive neurosurgical training system.
Methods And Materials:
The training system involved using a relatively inexpensive stereoscopic microscope and ophthalmological microinstruments , including two jewellers' forceps and a microscissors. Training modules were designed using commonly available materials such as gauze, latex gloves, and chicken wings.
Statistical Analysis Used:
None.
Results:
The system proved to be easy to construct, easy-to-use, and highly compact. This system allowed for residents to practice microsuturing and vessel anastomosis and allows the resident to be familiarized with operating under the microscope. Thereby , developing the hand-eye coordination and precise motor control required for neurosurgery as well as the art of appropriate tissue handling.
Conclusions:
The inexpensive nature of this training system and its inherent simplicity allows for a larger portion of neurosurgical residents in India, without access to sophisticated skills labs, to practice their skills in a controlled environment, without compromising on their ward duties.

