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Stem Cell Therapy for Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Dana Lengel1, Cruz Sevilla2, Zoe L Romm2

  • 1Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Frontiers in Neurology
|December 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Stem cell transplantation shows promise for treating pediatric brain injuries like traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Research indicates potential to reduce neuroinflammation and white matter damage, improving functional recovery.

Keywords:
behaviorpediatric TBIprogenitor cellsstem cellstransplantationwhite matter injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Growing interest in stem cell transplantation for pediatric brain injuries.
  • Pre-clinical models (TBI, HI) inform understanding of endogenous stem cell roles and exogenous transplantation effects.
  • Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) models share pathology with pediatric TBI, with more extensive stem cell research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of stem cell treatments on histopathological and functional outcomes in pediatric brain injury models.
  • To outline evidence for stem cell transplantation mitigating TBI pathology.
  • To identify challenges for incorporating stem cell therapies into clinical practice for pediatric TBI.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of pre-clinical studies on stem cell transplantation in pediatric brain injury models.
  • Analysis of data on histopathological and functional recovery.
  • Focus on models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI).

Main Results:

  • Stem cell transplantation demonstrates potential to reduce neuroinflammation in pediatric TBI models.
  • Evidence suggests mitigation of white matter injury following brain insults.
  • Studies in HI models provide insights applicable to TBI due to overlapping injury pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for pediatric brain injuries.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and optimize functional outcomes.
  • Potential exists to improve recovery by mitigating key pathological features of TBI.