Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multicompartment Models: Overview01:14

Multicompartment Models: Overview

365
Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
365
Clearance Models: Noncompartmental Models01:17

Clearance Models: Noncompartmental Models

140
Clearance is a pharmacokinetic parameter traditionally defined by compartment models, signifying the rate at which a drug is expelled from the body. However, a noncompartmental model offers an alternative method for assessing clearance, primarily employing empirical data obtained after administering a single drug dose.
The noncompartmental approach capitalizes on extensive sampling data, correlating the volume of distribution to systemic exposure and the administered dosage. This method enables...
140
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models01:06

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models

169
Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...
169
Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis00:59

Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis

190
Noncompartmental analyses offer an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without relying on a specific compartmental model. In this approach, the drug's pharmacokinetics are assumed to be linear, with the terminal phase log-linear. This assumption allows for simplified analysis and interpretation of the drug's behavior in the body.
One important characteristic of noncompartmental analyses is that drug exposure increases proportionally with increasing doses. This...
190
Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model01:14

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model

2.8K
The single-compartment model serves as a simplified representation of the human body. This model assumes that the body functions as a single, well-mixed open compartment. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the body and quickly distributes uniformly. The drug then undergoes biotransformation and elimination, ultimately leaving the body. The volume of this compartment is referred to as the apparent volume of distribution into which the drug can uniformly distribute. In this...
2.8K
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models01:14

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models

356
Compartmental analysis is a widely adopted approach to characterizing drug pharmacokinetics. It uses compartment models that conceptualize the body as a collection of reversibly communicating compartments, each representing a group of tissues exhibiting similar drug distribution characteristics. The movement rate of the drug between these compartments is typically described by first-order kinetics.
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
356

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Source apportionment of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) personal exposures: findings from the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) study in rural Guatemala.

Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology·2026
Same author

An Integrated Framework for VOC Source Apportionment Based on Chemical Transport Modeling and Observation-Constrained Optimization.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Optimized spatial planning offers a dual solution for managing urban heat and air pollution in humid subtropical climates.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Impact of Prescribed Fire Emissions on Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> and Its Components in the Southeastern US.

ACS environmental Au·2026
Same author

Filamentous morphology of influenza A virus confers enhanced stability in aerosols.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Incorporating methane isotopologues alters tropical and subtropical methane emission estimates.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Examining spin-up behaviour within WRF dynamical downscaling applications.

Geoscientific model development·2026
Same journal

Application and evaluation of CRACMM v1.0 mechanism in PM<sub>2.5</sub> simulation over China.

Geoscientific model development·2026
Same journal

Development of the MPAS-CMAQ coupled system (V1.0) for multiscale global air quality modeling.

Geoscientific model development·2025
Same journal

The impact of altering emission data precision on compression efficiency and accuracy of simulations of the community multiscale air quality model.

Geoscientific model development·2025
Same journal

Source-specific bias correction of US background and anthropogenic ozone modeled in CMAQ.

Geoscientific model development·2025
Same journal

AMORE-Isoprene v1.0: a new reduced mechanism for gas-phase isoprene oxidation.

Geoscientific model development·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Integrating Remote Sensing with Species Distribution Models; Mapping Tamarisk Invasions Using the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling SAHM
12:26

Integrating Remote Sensing with Species Distribution Models; Mapping Tamarisk Invasions Using the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling SAHM

Published on: October 11, 2016

13.6K

A multiphase CMAQ version 5.0 adjoint.

Shunliu Zhao1, Matthew G Russell1, Amir Hakami1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.

Geoscientific Model Development
|December 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a multiphase adjoint model for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to analyze pollution impacts. This tool estimates how particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions affect public health across the US.

More Related Videos

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System
10:09

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System

Published on: October 1, 2019

6.9K
CMAP Scan MUNE MScan - A Novel Motor Unit Number Estimation MUNE Method
08:25

CMAP Scan MUNE MScan - A Novel Motor Unit Number Estimation MUNE Method

Published on: June 7, 2018

12.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Integrating Remote Sensing with Species Distribution Models; Mapping Tamarisk Invasions Using the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling SAHM
12:26

Integrating Remote Sensing with Species Distribution Models; Mapping Tamarisk Invasions Using the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling SAHM

Published on: October 11, 2016

13.6K
Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System
10:09

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System

Published on: October 1, 2019

6.9K
CMAP Scan MUNE MScan - A Novel Motor Unit Number Estimation MUNE Method
08:25

CMAP Scan MUNE MScan - A Novel Motor Unit Number Estimation MUNE Method

Published on: June 7, 2018

12.6K

Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
  • Computational Environmental Science
  • Air Quality Modeling

Background:

  • The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is a key tool for simulating air quality.
  • Adjoint models are crucial for sensitivity analysis, source attribution, and inverse modeling in air quality research.
  • Existing CMAQ adjoint capabilities were limited for multiphase processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive multiphase adjoint model for CMAQ.
  • To enable advanced applications like source attribution and optimal pollution control.
  • To provide initial estimates of PM2.5 emission impacts on US public health.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented discrete adjoints for CMAQ science processes (chemistry, aerosols, clouds, diffusion, advection).
  • Utilized algorithmic differentiation tools (KPP, AD tools) and manual development for the continuous adjoint of advection.
  • Validated adjoints using finite-difference method (FDM) and complex variable method (CVM), favoring CVM for accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Successfully developed and validated a multiphase adjoint for the CMAQ model.
  • Demonstrated the adjoint model's capability in performing backward sensitivity analysis.
  • Provided the first quantitative estimates of PM2.5 emission impacts on public health across the US.

Conclusions:

  • The developed multiphase adjoint model enhances CMAQ's utility for complex air quality analyses.
  • This tool is vital for understanding pollution sources and informing control strategies.
  • The study provides critical insights into the public health consequences of PM2.5 emissions.