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Nail Changes in Leprosy: Onychoscopy Evaluation.

Ruovinuo Theunuo1, Sarita Sasidharanpillai1, Kidangazhiathmana Ajithkumar2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India.

Indian Dermatology Online Journal
|December 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nail changes like pitting, onycholysis, and unique nail pallor are associated with leprosy. Onychoscopy can help identify these indicators in leprosy patients, though further research is needed.

Keywords:
Dermoscopeleprosyonychoscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Leprosy can cause significant disability and deformity, particularly in extremities, due to repeated trauma and poor wound healing.
  • Nail changes are recognized as potential indicators of the trophic effects of leprosy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate onychoscopy findings in leprosy patients.
  • To identify specific nail changes indicative of leprosy compared to controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study included 30 leprosy patients and 30 matched controls.
  • Onychoscopy was performed at 50x magnification using a dinolite dermoscope under non-polarizing and polarizing light.
  • Nail changes were documented and compared using Pearson's Chi-square test.

Main Results:

  • Significant associations were found between leprosy and pitting, onycholysis, melanonychia, transverse lines, nail pallor, and onychauxis.
  • Nail pallor was observed exclusively in leprosy patients, suggesting it may be a specific indicator.

Conclusions:

  • Onychoscopy reveals characteristic nail changes in leprosy patients.
  • Nail pallor appears to be a unique finding in leprosy, warranting further investigation in larger studies.
  • Limitations include a small sample size and exclusion of toenail analysis.