Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.6K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.6K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.1K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.1K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.4K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
2.4K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.1K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
3.1K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

2.1K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.1K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

2.9K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reprogramming Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Living Cancer Cells to Eradicate Tumors.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

CO<sub>2</sub>-Derived Degradable Polythioester Adhesives From Proton-Trap-Assisted S/O Isomerization-Driven Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Synthesis of Degradable Polystyrene and Its Derivative with In-Chain Thioester via Radical and Cationic Copolymerizations with a Seven-Membered Benzene-Fused Thionolactone.

Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

S/O and vinyl isomerization enables ultrafast cationic ring-opening polymerization toward CO<sub>2</sub>-derived polythioester with migrated in-chain C=C substituents.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Reshaping Li<sup>+</sup>-Polyethylene Glycol Interactions to Boost Li<sup>+</sup> Transport in Solid Polymer Electrolytes.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Correction to "Copper Chelate Targeting Externalized Phosphatidylserine Inhibits PD-L1 Expression and Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy".

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same journal

Chemically and Mechanically Recyclable Polyolefins Incorporating Covalent Adaptable Networks.

Macromolecular rapid communications·2026
Same journal

Designing Thermally Stable DNA Hydrogels via Entropically-Driven Acridine Intercalation.

Macromolecular rapid communications·2026
Same journal

Functionalization Enhanced Phase Separation in PS-b-PVP Derived Polyzwitterionic Block Copolymers.

Macromolecular rapid communications·2026
Same journal

Molecular Design of Biobased, Printable Monomers for Two-Photon Polymerization.

Macromolecular rapid communications·2026
Same journal

Single-Chain Inherent Elasticity Reveals γ-Irradiation-Induced Backbone Reconstruction in Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride).

Macromolecular rapid communications·2026
Same journal

Exploring 2-D σ-σ* Conjugation in Cyclic Polysiloxane Copolymers.

Macromolecular rapid communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.6K

Facile Multicomponent Polymerization and Postpolymerization Modification via an Effective Meldrum's Acid-Based

Qing-Yong Meng1, Fan Gao2, Smaher Mosad2

  • 1First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, P. R. China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|December 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces Meldrum

Keywords:
Meldrum's acidheterocyclesmulticomponent reactionspostpolymerization modification

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

22.6K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.6K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

22.6K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Multicomponent reactions offer access to diverse polymer structures.
  • Meldrum's acid-based reactions are underutilized in polymer chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce Meldrum's acid-based multicomponent reactions into polymer synthesis.
  • To develop novel polymers with complex structures and high molecular weights.

Main Methods:

  • Direct multicomponent polymerization using Meldrum's acid, dialdehyde, and diindole.
  • Mild reaction conditions were employed.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized complex Meldrum's acid-containing polymers.
  • Achieved well-defined structures and high molecular weights.
  • Demonstrated nearly quantitative postpolymerization modification.

Conclusions:

  • Meldrum's acid-based multicomponent reactions are effective for polymer synthesis.
  • This method provides a versatile tool for creating novel polymers.