[Diet therapy for irritable bowel syndrome].

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Nutrition Science
• Medical Research

Background:

• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits.
• The exact pathogenesis of IBS remains multifactorial, involving complex interactions between the gut-brain axis, immune system, and microbial environment.
• Understanding the interplay of endogenous and exogenous factors is crucial for developing effective management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
• To examine the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on IBS symptom development.
• To evaluate the efficacy of various dietary therapies, including traditional and novel approaches, for IBS management.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of studies on IBS pathogenesis and diet therapy.
• Analysis of research investigating the role of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors in IBS.
• Evaluation of clinical trials and observational studies assessing the impact of dietary interventions on IBS symptoms.

Main Results:

• The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of visceral hypersensitivity, altered gut motility, and neuro-immune dysregulation.
• Both internal biological factors and external influences like diet and stress contribute significantly to IBS symptom onset and severity.
• The low-FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols) diet and gluten-free diet demonstrate significant potential in alleviating IBS symptoms for a substantial proportion of patients.

Conclusions:

• Dietary interventions play a pivotal role in the management of IBS, offering a viable therapeutic avenue.
• The low-FODMAP and gluten-free diets represent promising, evidence-based strategies for improving the quality of life for individuals with IBS.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying dietary responses in IBS and to personalize treatment approaches.