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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft
07:22

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Published on: June 6, 2025

352

[Rotator cuff tear : Indications and pathology-specific reconstructive procedures].

E Böhm1, J Gleich1, G Siebenbürger1

  • 1Sektion Schulter- und Ellenbogenchirurgie, Klinik für Allgemeine, Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland.

Der Unfallchirurg
|December 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rotator cuff tears vary widely, from partial to massive. Early surgical repair is often recommended for traumatic tears in young, active patients to prevent progression and improve outcomes.

Keywords:
ArthroscopyConservative therapyDiagnostic imagingOperative surgical procedureSutures

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 24, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Musculoskeletal Research

Background:

  • Rotator cuff (RC) tears encompass a spectrum of injuries, including partial, full-thickness, and massive tears.
  • Tears result from glenohumeral trauma or degenerative processes, necessitating tailored treatment based on morphology and patient factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of rotator cuff tear pathogenesis, indications, and surgical repair techniques.
  • To highlight modern pathology-specific reconstructive procedures for RC tears.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on rotator cuff tear etiology and management.
  • Analysis of factors influencing surgical repair outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Treatment decisions depend on pathogenesis, tear morphology, symptoms, and patient's functional demands.
  • Early surgical repair is advised for traumatic RC tears in young, high-demand patients due to tear progression risk.
  • Repair outcomes correlate negatively with lesion size, number of tendons involved, retraction, muscle alteration, and patient age.

Conclusions:

  • A differentiated approach considering pathological and patient-specific factors is crucial for effective rotator cuff tear management.
  • Modern reconstructive procedures offer tailored solutions for various rotator cuff tear pathologies.