Evidence for increasing anthropogenic Pb concentrations in Indian shelf sediments during the last century

India is industrializing rapidly and with this there comes higher releases of contaminants into the environment. Change in Pb deposition over the last century on the eastern (off Andhra Pradesh) and western (off Karnataka) shelves of India was investigated based on the data extracted from two sediment cores covering the past ~114 and ~145 yrs. The variations of the total Pb content, its enrichment factor, and concentrations of non-residual Pb in both the sediment cores document that there was a gradual increase in anthropogenic Pb input into the coastal sediments of India over the last century. Sediment leachates were used to monitor the increase in anthropogenic Pb input and its Pb isotope composition. The anthropogenic end member composition of the western shelf sediment location (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb: 1.105; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁸Pb: 2.149) was significantly less radiogenic than the eastern shelf isotopic composition (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb: 1.145; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁸Pb:2.120). A binary mixing model suggests that Pb emitted from the heavy industries (e.g., ore mining, Pb processing and smelting plants) of India has been the major source of anthropogenic Pb to the sediments of western continental shelf. In contrast, the isotopic signatures suggest that coal combustion is responsible for elevated anthropogenic Pb levels in the sediments from the eastern shelf of India.