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Plasticizers

Plasticizers

Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
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Superplasticizers

Superplasticizers

Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...

Plastic Behavior

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...

Plastic Deformations

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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...

Plastic Deformations

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste

Published on: July 18, 2025

Plastic credit: A consortium blockchain-based plastic recyclability system.

Chao Liu¹, Xiaoshuai Zhang², Francesca Medda¹

¹Institute of Finance and Technology, University College of London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.

Waste Management (New York, N.Y.)

|December 21, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new plastic credit system, using blockchain technology, aims to boost plastic recycling rates by providing clear information on product recyclability. This system encourages consumers to choose more recyclable plastic products, reducing global plastic waste.

Keywords:

Consensus coordination Consortium blockchain Demand shift Plastic waste

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Last Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste

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Published on: July 18, 2025

The Effect of Construction and Demolition Waste Plastic Fractions on Wood-Polymer Composite Properties

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Published on: June 7, 2020

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Materials Science
Computer Science

Background:

Global plastic waste reached approximately 6300 million tons by 2015, with less than 10% recycled.
Varying recyclability of plastic types necessitates consumer information to improve recycling rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To define a novel plastic credit system to enhance the quantity of recyclable plastics.
To assign credit information to plastic products and companies based on recyclability percentage and composition.

Main Methods:

Development of a unified and transparent credit system utilizing a double-chain blockchain architecture.
Implementation of a public blockchain (CreditChain) and a consortium blockchain (M-InfoChain).

Main Results:

The designed plastic credit system effectively promotes a shift in consumer demand towards higher recyclability plastic products.
The system demonstrates lightweight operation, optimizing resource requirements and system maintenance.

Conclusions:

The proposed plastic credit system offers a viable solution to increase plastic recycling.
Blockchain technology provides a transparent and efficient framework for managing plastic credits and promoting sustainable consumption.