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Related Concept Videos

Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

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When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
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Modeling and Similitude01:12

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Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...
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Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
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Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
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Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate01:10

Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate

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The moisture content of aggregates is a crucial factor in construction, particularly in concrete mixing, as it influences the total water required in the mix. Moisture content represents the water coated on the exterior surface of the aggregate existing in a saturated and surface-dry condition. The total water content of a moist aggregate is the sum of its moisture content and water absorption.
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Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Methods for the Self-integration of Megamolecular Biopolymers on the Drying Air-LC Interface
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Multiscale Modeling for Food Drying: State of the Art.

Zachary Welsh1, Matthew J Simpson2, Md Imran H Khan1,3

  • 1School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland Univ. of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
|December 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Developing multiscale models is crucial for understanding plant-based food drying. This approach accounts for cellular heterogeneity, improving predictions of heat and mass transfer and morphological changes during drying.

Keywords:
food dryingheat and mass transferhomogenizationmultigrid analysismultiscale modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Plant-based foods exhibit complex porous structures with diverse cellular orientations.
  • Heterogeneity in cellular environments (intercellular, intracellular, cell wall) affects water properties and transport during drying.
  • Understanding drying-induced transport and morphological changes is challenging due to this structural complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a critical conceptual understanding of multiscale modeling frameworks for heterogeneous food materials.
  • To review multiscale model formulation, solution techniques, and coupling options.
  • To identify key factors and challenges in developing accurate multiscale models for food drying.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive literature review on multiscale modeling in food materials.
  • Analysis of multiscale model formulation, spatial/temporal coupling, and solution techniques.
  • Discussion of food structure, scale definition, and current research status.

Main Results:

  • Multiscale modeling offers a powerful approach to incorporate cellular heterogeneity and microscale transport.
  • Limited studies exist due to the complexity of developing these models for plant-based foods.
  • Key factors influencing model accuracy include food structure and scale definition.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate multiscale modeling is essential for predicting heat and mass transfer during food drying.
  • Significant challenges remain in developing robust multiscale frameworks for heterogeneous food materials.
  • Further research is needed to address the complexity and limitations of current multiscale approaches in food drying.