Does the Stomatognathic System Adapt to Changes in Occlusion? Best Evidence Consensus Statement.

Area of Science:

• Dental Science
• Biomechanics
• Neuroplasticity

Background:

• The stomatognathic system's capacity to adapt to occlusal alterations is a complex biological process.
• Understanding this adaptation is crucial for managing dental treatments and oral health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically evaluate the existing scientific literature on the stomatognathic system's adaptive responses to occlusal changes.
• To synthesize evidence regarding the mechanisms and extent of adaptation within the stomatognathic system.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted using specific keywords related to stomatognathic system adaptation and occlusal changes.
• Articles were filtered based on relevance, with a focus on systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and other pertinent publications.

Main Results:

• The stomatognathic system adapts via the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, teeth, and supporting bone structures.
• The TMJ exhibits specialized fibrocartilage layers that manage peak and sustained loads, facilitating adaptation.
• Studies show individuals with healthy TMJs adapt better to induced occlusal interferences than those with a history of temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

Conclusions:

• Patients typically adapt to occlusal changes from orthodontic treatments, surgical procedures, and oral appliances.
• Head and neck muscles demonstrate adaptability to occlusal changes in individuals without a history of TMD.
• Dental adaptation involves bone remodeling, periodontal ligament responses, and the inherent biomechanical properties of teeth, such as flexion.