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Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

1.6K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
1.6K
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

770
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
770
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

436
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
436

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Hypoxia in multiple sclerosis; is it the chicken or the egg?

Sebok K Halder1, Richard Milner1

  • 1San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 10865 Road to the Cure, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|December 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxia, or low oxygen, may be an early trigger for multiple sclerosis (MS) inflammation. Research explores if hypoxia is real or virtual and how oxygen levels affect MS disease progression.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisblood vesselsblood–brain barrier integrityhypoxiainflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmune neurological disease affecting young to middle-aged adults, predominantly females.
  • While MS involves autoreactive T lymphocytes causing demyelination, the initial trigger remains unknown.
  • Recent research suggests hypoxia (low oxygen) may be a key early event in MS pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current findings on hypoxia in demyelinating lesions.
  • To investigate the nature (real vs. virtual) and cause of hypoxia in MS lesions.
  • To examine the impact of manipulating inspired oxygen on MS disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on hypoxia in multiple sclerosis.
  • Analysis of the causes and characteristics of hypoxia in demyelinating lesions.
  • Investigation into the effects of altered oxygen levels on disease progression in MS models.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests hypoxia is present at early stages of demyelinating lesions in MS.
  • The review addresses whether this hypoxia is 'real' or 'virtual' and its underlying causes.
  • Studies exploring oxygen manipulation show potential impacts on disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxia is an emerging candidate for the initial trigger of inflammatory demyelination in MS.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the role of hypoxia and the effects of oxygen modulation in MS.
  • Investigating hypoxia offers a new avenue for understanding and potentially treating MS.