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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

55.5K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
797
Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Cryosectioning and Immunostaining Mouse Inner Ear Tissue: From Embryonic to Adult Stages
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Cryosectioning and Immunostaining Mouse Inner Ear Tissue: From Embryonic to Adult Stages

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Hearing and dementia: from ears to brain.

Jeremy C S Johnson1, Charles R Marshall1,2, Rimona S Weil1,3,4

  • 1Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|December 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Hearing impairment is linked to dementia, as brain changes from neurodegenerative diseases damage auditory function. New tests assessing real-world hearing could aid early dementia diagnosis and management.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseLewy body diseasedementiafrontotemporal dementiahearing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The link between hearing impairment and dementia is a significant public health concern.
  • Neurodegenerative diseases impact the auditory brain, potentially causing early and severe hearing dysfunction.
  • Understanding the precise nature of the hearing impairment-dementia association is crucial for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present evidence supporting the hypothesis that neurodegeneration affects hearing function.
  • To explore the interplay between central and peripheral auditory dysfunction in dementia.
  • To propose novel diagnostic and management strategies for dementia based on auditory assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of structural and functional features of auditory brain organization.
  • Review of the reciprocal relationship between peripheral and central hearing deficits.
  • Examination of auditory signatures associated with Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, and frontotemporal dementia.

Main Results:

  • Auditory brain organization exhibits vulnerabilities to neurodegeneration.
  • A bidirectional relationship exists between central and peripheral hearing impairments in dementia.
  • Specific auditory characteristics are linked to major neurodegenerative dementia types.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory cognitive dysfunction plays a critical role in dementia.
  • The brain's connection to peripheral hearing organs is vital in dementia.
  • Clinical assessments should evolve beyond pure-tone tests to include auditory cognitive stress tests for early dementia detection and management.