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Updated: Nov 24, 2025

The Lambda Select cII Mutation Detection System
Published on: April 26, 2018
Origins and Evolution of Photocarcinogenesis Action Spectra, Including Germicidal UVC†
Paul Donald Forbes1, Curtis A Cole2, Frank deGruijl3
1Toxarus, Inc., Malvern, PA, USA.
Abstract:
Germicidal ultraviolet radiation (GUV) provides a means of dramatically reducing airborne spread of microorganisms in residential and workspace environments. Regarding design and use of GUV, both efficacy and safety data have accumulated over several decades, with a substantial increase of attention during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Considerations for skin and eye safety previously resulted in guidance on exposures in institutional and workplace settings. This report details the evolution of limits for skin exposures, with particular attention to the risk of skin neoplasia.
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