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[Transient hyperinsulinism in neonates].

Anna V Bolmasova1, Maria A Melikyan2, Natalya A Krylova2

  • 1Kulakov Federal Rеseаrch Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology; Endocrinology research Centre.

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Summary

Transient hyperinsulinism, a rare cause of newborn hypoglycemia, requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Diazoxide therapy effectively normalized blood glucose levels in three infants, leading to normal development.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rare condition marked by excessive insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, causing hypoglycemia.
  • Transient hyperinsulinism is the most frequent cause of severe hypoglycemia in newborns, with unknown etiology but associated risk factors like prematurity and maternal diabetes.
  • Severe hypoglycemia necessitates early diagnosis and intervention, particularly in the neonatal period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present clinical cases of transient hyperinsulinism in neonates and infants.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of insulinostatic therapy with diazoxide in managing transient hyperinsulinism.
  • To report on the long-term outcomes of affected children.

Main Methods:

  • Case series describing three children with transient hyperinsulinism.
  • Treatment with insulinostatic therapy using diazoxide.
  • Monitoring of glycemic control and developmental milestones.

Main Results:

  • All three patients received diazoxide, achieving euglycemia without the need for glucose supplementation.
  • Therapeutic courses were successfully completed in all cases.
  • Following treatment, all children exhibited normal physical and psychomotor development.

Conclusions:

  • Diazoxide is an effective treatment for transient hyperinsulinism, enabling normalization of blood glucose levels.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management of transient hyperinsulinism lead to favorable long-term outcomes, including normal development.