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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Related Experiment Video

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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
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TCF-1 regulates HIV-specific CD8+ T cell expansion capacity.

Rachel L Rutishauser1, Christian Deo T Deguit1,2, Joseph Hiatt3,4,5

  • 1Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.

JCI Insight
|December 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preventing cellular exhaustion is crucial for HIV cure strategies. Transcription factor TCF-1 helps maintain stem-like memory properties in virus-specific CD8+ T cells, crucial for controlling HIV.

Keywords:
AIDS/HIVAdaptive immunityImmunologyT cells

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In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cellular exhaustion, characterized by loss of stem-like memory properties, hinders effective HIV cure strategies targeting CD8+ T cells.
  • Understanding the regulation of these stem-like properties in human virus-specific CD8+ T cells is critical for developing successful therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of transcription factor TCF-1 in regulating the stem-like memory properties of human virus-specific CD8+ T cells.
  • To determine if TCF-1 expression levels correlate with the natural control of HIV/SIV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of TCF-1 expression in virus-specific CD8+ T cells from HIV/SIV controllers and noncontrollers in humans and nonhuman primates.
  • Assessment of the correlation between TCF-1 expression, memory marker expression, and expansion capacity.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to evaluate the direct impact of TCF-1 on T cell expansion capacity.

Main Results:

  • Virus-specific CD8+ T cells from controllers exhibited higher TCF-1 expression compared to noncontrollers.
  • TCF-1 expression positively correlated with memory markers and expansion capacity, declining with antigen stimulation.
  • TCF-1 gene editing confirmed its direct role in regulating CD8+ T cell expansion capacity.

Conclusions:

  • TCF-1 plays a significant role in maintaining the stem-like memory properties, specifically the secondary expansion capacity, of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells.
  • Enhancing the TCF-1 pathway presents a promising therapeutic strategy for T cell-based HIV cures.