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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

630
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
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Neo-Antigen mRNA Vaccines.

Arthur Esprit1, Wout de Mey1, Rajendra Bahadur Shahi1

  • 1Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.

Vaccines
|December 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Recent breakthroughs show therapeutic cancer vaccines, particularly mRNA-based neo-antigen vaccines, are promising. These vaccines leverage unique cancer mutations to train T cells for effective tumor targeting.

Keywords:
T cellcancerdendritic cellmRNAneo-antigenvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Therapeutic cancer vaccines have gained significant attention due to advances in cancer research.
  • Successful checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell therapies highlight the importance of neo-antigens.
  • Neo-antigens, derived from somatic mutations, are highly immunogenic and specific to individual cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in mRNA-based neo-antigen vaccine technology.
  • To summarize critical milestones in the development of personalized cancer vaccines.
  • To highlight the potential of mRNA technology for delivering neo-antigens and enhancing T cell activity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on mRNA-based neo-antigen vaccines.
  • Analysis of strategies for neo-antigen delivery using in vitro transcribed mRNA.
  • Evaluation of methods to support T cell activity in the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • In vitro transcribed mRNA has emerged as a flexible and potent platform for neo-antigen vaccine development.
  • mRNA technology enables the delivery of neo-antigens to antigen-presenting cells both ex vivo and in vivo.
  • Strategies to enhance T cell activity in the tumor microenvironment are crucial for durable responses.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA-based neo-antigen vaccines represent a significant advancement in personalized cancer therapy.
  • The flexibility and potency of mRNA technology are key to overcoming challenges in neo-antigen vaccine development.
  • Continued research and development in this area bring the promise of effective therapeutic cancer vaccines closer to reality.