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Bovine brucellosis - a comprehensive review.

Sandip Kumar Khurana1, Anju Sehrawat1, Ruchi Tiwari2

  • 1ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India.

The Veterinary Quarterly
|December 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Brucellosis, a global zoonotic disease, requires enhanced surveillance and diagnostics for control. Research highlights the potential of miRNAs and bacteriophage lysates, alongside a One Health approach, for managing this significant public health threat.

Keywords:
Brucellosisbovinecontroldiagnosisepidemiologypathobiologypreventiontreatmentvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Brucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease with global animal welfare and economic impacts.
  • Emerging epidemiological dimensions include transmission from wild/domestic animals and public health threats from unpasteurized products.
  • International migration and trade complicate disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and challenges in brucellosis control.
  • To highlight the need for advanced diagnostic strategies and effective vaccines.
  • To explore novel therapeutic and control approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of brucellosis epidemiology, diagnostics, and control strategies.
  • Analysis of diagnostic advancements, including miRNA detection.
  • Evaluation of vaccine efficacy and emerging treatments like bacteriophage lysates.

Main Results:

  • Isolation and identification are gold standard but require expertise; diagnostic advancements are crucial.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show diagnostic value for *B. abortus* detection.
  • Current vaccines (strain 19, RB51) have limitations; no universally protective vaccine exists for bovines or humans.
  • Bacteriophage lysates show promise for bovine brucellosis treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Meticulous surveillance and advanced diagnostics, including miRNA detection, are essential for controlling brucellosis.
  • Development of highly protective and safe vaccines for bovines and humans is urgently needed.
  • A One Health approach integrating animal and human health strategies is vital for effective disease management.