[Institutions' approach to sexuality, a necessity between care and sexual rights.]

The "total institutions" described by Erving Goffman have always functioned, particularly in psychiatry, in accordance with internal rules organising directly or indirectly the sex life of the patients. Sexual relations were limited, banned and even sanctioned. The evolution of psychiatric hospitals changed views and sexual practices. The circular of 15 March 1960 introduced mixed-gender wards in hospitals. Homosexuality, hitherto tolerated, particularly in women's units, made way for heterosexual relationships which became a concern for caregivers. In 2013, a judgement issued by the Bordeaux administrative court of appeal against a psychiatric unit brought the debate back into focus. It raised the question of fundamental liberties and human rights.