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Antibody responses to endemic coronaviruses modulate COVID-19 convalescent plasma functionality
William Morgenlander1, Stephanie Henson1, Daniel Monaco1
1Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
|December 23, 2020
Summary
High-titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma shows variable functionality. Antibody epitope specificities targeting SARS-CoV-2 and endemic human coronaviruses correlate with plasma neutralizing activity, aiding selection of effective therapeutic plasma.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Therapeutics
Background:
- COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is a treatment for COVID-19, but its efficacy varies.
- The relationship between specific antibody targets (epitopes) and CCP functionality is not well understood.
Approach:
- Assessed antibody functionality and reactivity to peptides from SARS-CoV-2 and four endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) in 126 CCP donations.
- Correlated antibody fine specificities with plasma neutralizing activity.
Key Points:
- Polyclonal antibody targeting of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptides strongly correlated with plasma functionality.
- Reactivity to HCoV spike peptides, including conserved fusion peptide epitopes, also correlated with functionality.
- Antibody responses to alphacoronavirus NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) were associated with higher neutralizing titers.
Conclusions:
- Antibody fine specificities can predict CCP functionality.
- A two-peptide signature can identify CCP with high antibody titers but low neutralizing activity.
- Analyzing coronavirus antibody specificities may improve selection of therapeutic plasma.
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