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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

792
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
792
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

627
Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
627
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

273
Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
273
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

127
Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
127
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

529
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
529
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

380
Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
380

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Massive Traumatic Subcutaneous Emphysema.

Diana Fernandes1, Sara Pereira2, Celeste Guedes2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Médio Ave, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal. diana.silva.fer@gmail.com.

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove)
|December 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A traumatic rib fracture led to massive subcutaneous emphysema in a COPD patient. Surgical drainage and massage rapidly resolved the emphysema, enabling BiPAP ventilation reintroduction.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery
Keywords:
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseextensive subcutaneous emphysemapneumomediastinumsubcutaneous emphysemavenous catheter

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  • Medical Devices

    • Background:

    • A 74-year-old male with severe COPD (GOLD 4, Group D) and emphysema experienced traumatic rib fractures (right 5-11th ribs) while on nocturnal BiPAP ventilation.
    • Post-fracture, the patient developed extensive subcutaneous emphysema affecting the face, thorax, and abdomen, accompanied by significant swelling and crepitus.
    • Imaging confirmed diffuse subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, and bilateral small pneumothoraces, posing an immediate risk due to patient distress and inability to use BiPAP.