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Related Concept Videos

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

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The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
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Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

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Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

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Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Methods of Documentation VII: EMR01:30

Methods of Documentation VII: EMR

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Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) primarily center around electronically documenting patients' health information within a single healthcare organization or practice. They contain essential clinical data related to a patient's medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, lab results, and other pertinent information relevant to the specific encounter or episode of care. EMRs are designed to streamline documentation and workflow processes within individual healthcare...
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Standard Precaution01:26

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

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Telemedicine in the emergency department to decrease personal protective equipment use: a before-and-after study.

Bart G J Candel1, Selma M M Vaes2, Egid M van Bree3

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands bartcandel@gmail.com.

Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ
|December 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telemedicine using iPads in the emergency department (ED) significantly reduced personal protective equipment (PPE) use among physicians. This approach did not negatively impact patient anxiety or satisfaction during contact isolation.

Keywords:
global healthinfectious diseasesviral

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Management
  • Infectious Disease Control
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Healthcare workers faced critical shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • The study addresses the need for strategies to conserve PPE in emergency departments (EDs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of telemedicine (using iPads) on PPE consumption in ED patients requiring contact isolation.
  • To assess the effect of telemedicine on patient anxiety and satisfaction levels.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, single-center, before-and-after study was conducted.
  • Included adult ED patients requiring contact isolation.
  • Compared PPE use, anxiety (Hospital Anxiety Scale), and patient satisfaction (15-item Picker Patient Experience Questionnaire) between a control and an intervention period.

Main Results:

  • Physician PPE use per patient decreased significantly in the telemedicine intervention period (mean 1.2) compared to the control period (mean 1.7).
  • Overall PPE use per patient contact for ED physicians reduced by 54.3% with telemedicine.
  • No significant differences were observed in patient anxiety or satisfaction scores between the two periods.

Conclusions:

  • Telemedicine implementation in the ED effectively reduces physician PPE usage during contact isolation.
  • The use of telemedicine in the ED does not adversely affect patient anxiety or satisfaction.
  • This study highlights telemedicine's potential to conserve PPE during pandemics and for patients needing isolation.