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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Regulation of Food Intake

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing

Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing

Published on: October 25, 2019

Leptin and obesity.

M Seth¹, R Biswas², S Ganguly³

¹1Department of Physiology, Hiralal Mazumdar Memorial College for Women, Kolkata 700035, West Bengal, India.

Physiology International

|December 23, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity results from an energy imbalance, leading to fat accumulation. Leptin, a protein produced by fat cells, is explored as a potential drug target for obesity treatment.

Keywords:

energy expenditure food intake leptin leptin resistance obesity physical exercise

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Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis

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Published on: June 3, 2016

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Physiology
Genetics

Background:

Obesity is a global health issue caused by calorie imbalance.
Excess fat accumulation occurs in adipose tissue and vital organs.
Adipocytes produce leptin, a protein encoded by ob genes.

Purpose of the Study:

Review the molecular basis of leptin's role in obesity.
Evaluate leptin as a therapeutic target for obesity.
Examine diet and exercise effects on leptin and obesity.

Main Methods:

Literature review of molecular mechanisms.
Analysis of leptin's function in obesity.
Investigation of lifestyle factors influencing leptin.

Main Results:

Leptin's molecular basis in obesity etiopathophysiology is detailed.
Leptin presents a viable drug target for obesity management.
Diet and physical activity modulate leptin secretion and obesity.

Conclusions:

Understanding leptin's role is crucial for obesity treatment.
Targeting leptin offers a promising therapeutic strategy.
Lifestyle interventions can positively impact obesity via leptin pathways.