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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Agrochemical Science
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Pesticide transformation on plant surfaces is crucial for environmental risk assessment.
  • The impact of climate warming on pesticide photodegradation on crops is understudied.
  • Pyrethroid pesticides are widely used, and their environmental fate requires thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of spinach growth temperature on the photodegradation of four pyrethroid pesticides.
  • To elucidate the role of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in pesticide photodegradation under varying temperature conditions.
  • To propose a photodegradation pathway for pyrethroids on spinach leaves.

Main Methods:

  • Photodegradation experiments using xenon lamp irradiation in climate incubators.
  • Analysis of bifenthrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and deltamethrin on spinach leaves grown at temperatures ranging from 15 to 21 °C.
  • Quantification of photodegradation rates and identification of reactive species involved.

Main Results:

  • Photodegradation rates of pyrethroids decreased significantly with increasing spinach growth temperature.
  • Spinach grown at 15 °C showed approximately 1.9 times higher photodegradation rates for bifenthrin compared to spinach grown at 21 °C.
  • Hydroxyl radicals (·OH), originating from hydroperoxide degradation, were identified as the primary reactive species.

Conclusions:

  • Climate warming, by increasing plant growth temperature, can reduce the photodegradation rate of pesticides on plant leaves.
  • Changes in plant biochemical composition, specifically the reduction of certain functional groups at higher temperatures, influence pesticide transformation.
  • This study highlights the need to consider plant physiological responses to climate change in pesticide risk assessments.