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Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Preparation of SNS CobaltII Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Preparation of SNS CobaltII Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Published on: March 19, 2020

Cooperative Bond Activation by a Bimetallic Main-Group Complex.

Oleksandr Kysliak¹, Helmar Görls¹, Robert Kretschmer^1,2

¹Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|December 28, 2020

Summary

Chemists developed a novel gallium compound with two active centers. This bimetallic cooperation enables efficient activation of strong carbon-fluorine bonds, a key advance in main-group chemistry.

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Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

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Published on: August 23, 2018

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Last Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Preparation of SNS CobaltII Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

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Published on: March 19, 2020

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Main-group chemistry
Organometallic chemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Metalloenzymes inspire synthetic chemists to create dinuclear transition-metal complexes.
Metal-metal cooperativity is underexplored in main-group element compounds.
Gallium(I) compounds offer unique electronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a novel room-temperature-stable dinuclear gallium(I) compound.
To investigate the bimetallic cooperativity and reactivity of this compound.
To explore the activation of strong C-F bonds by the gallium-gallium moiety.

Main Methods:

Synthesis and characterization of the dinuclear gallium(I) compound.
Reactivity studies focusing on C-F bond activation.
Density Functional Theory (DFT) and DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations for mechanistic analysis.

Main Results:

A stable dinuclear gallium(I) compound with two-coordinated gallium centers was synthesized.
The compound exhibits enhanced reactivity due to bimetallic cooperativity.
Facile activation of strong C-F bonds across the Ga-Ga bond was achieved.
Two distinct mechanistic pathways for cooperative C-F bond activation were identified.

Conclusions:

The study presents a novel dinuclear gallium(I) compound demonstrating significant bimetallic cooperativity.
This cooperativity facilitates the activation of challenging C-F bonds.
The findings open new avenues for main-group element chemistry and catalysis.