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Quantitation of Rabies Virus in Various Bovine Brain Structures

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Published on: May 22, 2021

Sodium distribution in the bovine brain.

Megan C Romano¹, Grace E Higgs¹, Michelle N Helm¹

¹University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Lexington, KY.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc

|December 28, 2020

Summary

Fatal sodium intoxication in cattle requires accurate postmortem diagnosis. This study found that brain sodium concentration is not uniform in cattle, with significant regional variations. Homogenizing an entire hemisphere is recommended for reliable measurement.

Keywords:

Bovine brain cattle intoxication poisoning salt sodium toxicosis

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Pathology
Toxicology
Neuroscience

Background:

Fatal sodium intoxication is a concern in cattle, often confirmed by measuring brain sodium concentration postmortem.
Limited published data exists on the distribution of sodium within the bovine brain.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the distribution of sodium within the bovine brain.
To determine if sodium concentration is uniform across different brain regions in cattle.

Main Methods:

Eight adult bovine brains from cattle with non-neurologic causes of death were analyzed.
Brains were dissected, with one hemisphere homogenized and the other sampled from specific regions (cerebral cortices, brainstem, thalamus, cerebellum).
Sodium concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA.

Main Results:

Brain sodium concentration was not uniformly distributed across different regions of the bovine brain.
Significant, somewhat unpredictable variations in sodium levels were observed between different brain areas within the same individual.
Homogenization of an entire brain hemisphere provided a representative sodium concentration measurement.

Conclusions:

Sodium distribution in the bovine brain is heterogeneous.
Accurate postmortem diagnosis of sodium intoxication in cattle necessitates considering regional brain sodium variations.
Whole hemisphere homogenization is the preferred method for reliable brain sodium concentration determination in cattle.