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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation
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A Multicellular Network Mechanism for Temperature-Robust Food Sensing.

Dhaval S Patel1, Giovanni Diana2, Eugeni V Entchev2

  • 1Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA.

Cell Reports
|December 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans maintains lifespan responsiveness to food availability despite temperature changes. This robustness is achieved through a gene network involving sensory neurons, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and serotonin signaling.

Keywords:
C. elegansTGF-βgene networksgene-environment interactionlifespannetwork plasticitynutrient-sensingrobustnessserotonintemperature

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Biological systems must remain responsive to critical external cues amidst environmental fluctuations.
  • Organisms need to discriminate between varying stimuli, such as food availability, to ensure survival and reproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans achieves robustness in lifespan regulation despite temperature variations.
  • To elucidate the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying sensory discrimination of food levels and its impact on physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism.
  • Investigated the role of food-sensing neurons and their communication pathways, including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and serotonin.
  • Analyzed gene regulatory networks and their temperature-dependent sign changes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that C. elegans can discriminate between different food levels to modulate lifespan, even under fluctuating temperatures.
  • Identified a multicellular gene network, involving TGF-β and serotonin signaling, as the mediator of this robust food responsiveness.
  • Showcased temperature-dependent sign reversals in gene network regulations that maintain consistent food responsiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Uncovered a complex robustness mechanism involving higher-order sensory discrimination, not just stereotyped output robustness.
  • This process involves rewiring multicellular networks to compensate for temperature, offering insights into gene-environment interactions.
  • The findings reveal sensory computations that integrate environmental cues to govern physiological outputs, highlighting a basis for understanding biological robustness.