Diagnostic value of transrectal combined scrotal ultrasonography in acquired obstructive azoospermia

To investigate the transrectal and scrotal ultrasonographic features of acquired obstructive azoospermia and evaluate the role of ultrasonography in the location diagnosis of acquired obstructive azoospermia patients.

Retrospectively analysis of 92 cases of acquired obstructive azoospermia in recent years. All the patients underwent transrectal and scrotal ultrasonography. The ultrasonographic features were observed of testis, epididymis, scrotal segment of vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate. Eighty cases with normal semen were taken as control group.

Among the 92 cases of acquired obstructive azoospermia, 28 cases were prostate midline cyst, 32 cases were stone or calcification of the ejaculation duct and 21 cases were chronic seminal vesicle inflammation, which were found through transrectal ultrasonography; 27 cases were vas deferens dilation, 30 cases had abnormal mass of epididymis tail, 31 cases were epididymis thickness with reticular change, 8 cases were cystic dilatation of rete testis, which were found through scrotal ultrasonography. Compared with the control group, ultrasound examination increased the detection rate of distal seminal duct lesions and epididymal lesions in acquired obstructive azoospermia patients (p<.01). Comparison of testicular volume between case group and control group did not reveal significant difference (p>.05). The thickness of the head, body and tail of epididymis in case group was significantly bigger than that in control group (p<.01).

Transrectal and scrotal ultrasonography can find lesions in different parts of the seminal passage. Acquired obstructive azoospermia patients have increased rate of distal seminal duct lesions, epididymal lesions and epididymis volume. Transrectal and scrotum ultrasonography can provide reliable imaging evidence for the location diagnosis of acquired obstructive azoospermia.