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Related Concept Videos

Action Potentials01:41

Action Potentials

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Overview
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Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
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Action Potential01:31

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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

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The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Use of In Vivo Single-fiber Recording and Intact Dorsal Root Ganglion with Attached Sciatic Nerve to Examine the Mechanism of Conduction Failure
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Slowly conducting potentials in human sensory nerves.

W Raabe1, D Walk1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.

Journal of Neuroscience Methods
|December 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method for examining small myelinated sensory fibers (Aδ-fibers) using standard clinical neurophysiology equipment. The technique successfully identifies Aδ-fiber potentials, enabling their clinical assessment.

Keywords:
A-delta fibersIntraepidermal stimulationNear nerve recordingSensory nerve conductionSingle fiber action potentialsTechnique

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neurophysiology
  • Sensory Nerve Conduction

Background:

  • Small myelinated sensory fibers, Aδ-fibers, transmit pain and temperature sensations.
  • Current nerve conduction study techniques cannot examine Aδ-fibers.
  • Existing methods are experimental, specialized, or indirect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a clinical neurophysiology method for examining Aδ-fibers.
  • To enable direct assessment of Aδ-fiber function in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized standard clinical neurophysiology equipment.
  • Recorded averaged responses to focal, non-painful epidermal nerve stimulation.
  • Developed an algorithm to identify Aδ-fiber potentials by comparing averaged responses.
  • Applied statistical thresholds (99th and 99.9th percentiles) to distinguish true potentials from noise.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous negative and positive potentials significantly different from controls.
  • Conduction velocities ranged from 1.3-29.9 m/s.
  • These velocities are consistent with those of Aδ-fibers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed stimulation, recording, and data analysis methods are applicable in clinical EMG laboratories.
  • This technique allows for the identification of Aδ-fibers in human sensory nerves.
  • Facilitates clinical assessment of Aδ-fiber function.