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3D and 4D printing in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery: Printing techniques, materials, and applications
Danial Khorsandi1, Amir Fahimipour2, Payam Abasian3
1Department of Biotechnology-Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Department of Mechanical engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Medical and Scientific Affair, Procare Health Iberia, Barcelona 08860, Spain.
Abstract:
3D and 4D printing are cutting-edge technologies for precise and expedited manufacturing of objects ranging from plastic to metal. Recent advances in 3D and 4D printing technologies in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery enable dentists to custom design and print surgical drill guides, temporary and permanent crowns and bridges, orthodontic appliances and orthotics, implants, mouthguards for drug delivery. In the present review, different 3D printing technologies available for use in dentistry are highlighted together with a critique on the materials available for printing. Recent reports of the application of these printed platformed are highlighted to enable readers appreciate the progress in 3D/4D printing in dentistry.
