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Repressive effect of Rhus coriaria L. fruit extracts on microglial cells-mediated inflammatory and oxidative stress
Mohamad Khalil1, Ali Bazzi2, Dana Zeineddine2
1Anti-cancer Therapeutic Approaches Group (ATAC), Rammal Rammal Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon; Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy.
Ethnopharmacological Relevance:
Rhus coriaria L. represents a herbal shrub that is used widely in traditional medicine in the Middle East region to treat different diseases including inflammation-related disorders. R. coriaria extracts have been well characterized in terms of their biological activities, pharmacological potential and phytochemical components. However, the effect of R. coriaria on neuro-inflammation has not been studied previously in detail.
Aim Of The Study:
In the present study, we performed a qualitative phytochemical analysis and investigated the antioxidant and anti-neuro-inflammatory potential of R. coriaria extracts on BV-2 microglial cells.
Materials And Methods:
R. coriaria extracts were prepared using two different solvents: distilled water and ethanol. Phytochemical screening was performed to determine the principal bioactive components. The radical scavenging activity was assessed by DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The effect of R. coriaria on neuro-inflammation was studied upon measuring the production of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors using DCF (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein) and Nitric oxide (NO) assays respectively, and by analyzing the mRNA (TNFα, IL-10, iNOS and COX-2) and protein (NFκβ) levels of genes involved BV-2 microglia cells-mediated inflammation using quantitative Real Time PCR and Western blot, respectively.
Results:
We found that R. coriaria extracts contain high phenolic and flavonoid contents. Interestingly, the ethanolic extract exerted a potent anti-inflammatory potential on insulted BV-2 cells manifested by: i) inhibition of Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) production and nitric oxide (NO) release; ii) suppressing TNFα, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels; iii) reducing NFκβ activation; and iiii) enhancing IL-10 transcription levels.
Conclusion:
Our results indicate that the neuro-inflammation inhibitory activity of R. coriaria extracts involves the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that R. coriaria might carry therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative diseases.
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