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Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
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Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

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Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
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Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins01:09

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Plakins are large proteins with binding domains for microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and membrane-associated protein complexes at cell junctions. Plakin functions are evolutionarily conserved and are primarily involved in organizing the different components of the cytoskeleton by crosslinking them to each other and connecting them to the cell-matrix and cell adhesion complexes. They are also known to interact with signal transducers, serve as scaffolds for signaling...
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Protein Transport to the Stroma01:24

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Chloroplasts are triple membrane structures with an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a thylakoid membrane, each containing distinct metabolite transporters, membrane translocons, and enzymes. Appropriate sorting and translocating these proteins to their correct membrane systems is essential for chloroplast function.
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Identification of Functional Protein Regions Through Chimeric Protein Construction
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Clusterin: Always protecting. Synthesis, function and potential issues.

Carmen Rodríguez-Rivera1, Miguel M Garcia1, Miguel Molina-Álvarez1

  • 1Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition & Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|December 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Clusterin, an apolipoprotein found throughout the body, exhibits paradoxical roles in various diseases. Its dual function as cytoprotective or pro-apoptotic makes it a significant target for therapeutic and biomarker development.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCancerCardioprotective agentsClusterinCytoprotectionDrug targetingNeuroprotectionPain management

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From a Natural Product to Its Biosynthetic Gene Cluster: A Demonstration Using Polyketomycin from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes Tü6028
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Clusterin is an apolipoprotein found in all bodily fluids and extracellular matrix.
  • It displays diverse and often contradictory functions in numerous pathologies.
  • Its roles span cellular survival, apoptosis, pain modulation, inflammation, and more.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of clusterin in biological systems and disease.
  • To highlight clusterin's potential as both a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on clusterin.
  • Analysis of clusterin's involvement in various physiological and pathological processes.

Main Results:

  • Clusterin exhibits context-dependent functions, acting cytoprotectively (e.g., neuroprotection, cancer) or promoting apoptosis.
  • It is implicated in chemotherapy resistance, pain modulation, inflammation, cardioprotection, and appetite regulation.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a role in addictive behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Clusterin's paradoxical nature necessitates further investigation into its precise mechanisms of action.
  • Clusterin holds significant promise as a versatile biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for a wide range of conditions.