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On the indicators for perceiving empty sets as zero.

Rut Zaks-Ohayon1, Michal Pinhas2, Joseph Tzelgov3

  • 1Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human perception of empty sets as zero is context-dependent. Research shows that empty sets are treated as a numerical value, particularly when spatial features are involved.

Keywords:
An empty setDistance effectEnd effectMagnitude comparisonNonsymbolic number representationZero

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Numerical Cognition
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • The cognitive processing of empty sets, or the absence of quantity, remains underexplored.
  • Understanding how humans interpret 'nothing' in numerical contexts is crucial for cognitive science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether human beings process empty sets as a numerical entity, specifically zero.
  • To determine the contextual factors influencing the perception of empty sets as zero.

Main Methods:

  • Magnitude comparison tasks involving empty sets and numerosities (1-9) presented as dot arrays.
  • Manipulation of task instructions (e.g., "more/less dots") and numerical ranges (0-9 vs. 1-9).
  • Experiment 3 varied response modes (key-press, vocal) and response targets (location, color) to assess the role of spatial priming.

Main Results:

  • Distance effects were observed when comparing to empty sets, regardless of task instructions or numerical range.
  • Distance effects for empty sets emerged only when participants responded to target location, not target color.
  • Spatial priming appears necessary for the empty set to be perceived as a numerical entity.

Conclusions:

  • The perception of an empty set as zero or as 'nothing' is contingent on the experimental context.
  • Spatial features play a significant role in priming the cognitive system to treat an empty set as a numerical value.