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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Updated: Nov 24, 2025

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Neuropathies of leprosy.

Satish V Khadilkar1, Sarika B Patil2, Vanaja P Shetty3

  • 1Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, India.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|December 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Leprosy neuropathies present diversely, impacting nerves and skin based on immune status. Early diagnosis and multi-drug therapy, alongside corticosteroids, are crucial for managing nerve damage and preventing disability.

Keywords:
GanglionitisLepra reactionsLeprosyPeripheral neuropathyPrevention of leprosyTherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Neuropathies are a key feature of leprosy, manifesting in various forms from cutaneous nerve involvement to sensory ataxia.
  • Leprosy reactions and host immune status significantly influence nerve and skin clinical presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies for leprosy-related neuropathies.
  • To highlight challenges in diagnosis and management, and discuss future preventive approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on leprosy neuropathies.
  • Discussion of diagnostic techniques including imaging (ultrasound, MRI neurography), serology, molecular tests, and biopsies.
  • Analysis of current and emerging therapeutic options, including multi-drug therapy and immunomodulators.

Main Results:

  • Leprosy neuropathies exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical presentations influenced by immunological factors.
  • A comprehensive diagnostic toolkit is available, but clinical awareness and test accessibility remain barriers.
  • Multi-drug therapy is effective, and corticosteroids mitigate nerve damage, though optimal use is still being refined.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of leprosy neuropathies requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating early diagnosis, appropriate therapy, and rehabilitation.
  • Future efforts should focus on prevention strategies to reduce the long-term burden of chronic disabilities associated with leprosy neuropathy.