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Photon-counting-based optical frequency metrology.

Thiago Ferreira da Silva

|December 28, 2020

Summary

Photon-counting in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer offers a low-power alternative for optical frequency calibration. This method accurately measures frequency differences, proving valuable for faint laser sources.

Area of Science:

Quantum Optics
Metrology
Laser Physics

Background:

Traditional heterodyne beating for laser calibration requires high optical power.
Few-photon laser sources pose challenges for conventional calibration methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate time-correlated photon counting as a metrological tool for optical frequency calibration.
To establish traceability to radiation standards for the photon-counting method.
To assess the feasibility for calibrating extremely faint laser sources.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer with time-correlated photon counting.
Developing a measurement procedure and uncertainty budget for the photon-counting technique.
Comparing results with classical heterodyne measurements for validation.

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Main Results:

The photon-counting method achieved a measurement uncertainty of 0.24 MHz for frequency-stabilized He-Ne lasers.
Optical frequency traceability to standard radiation was established with 2.9 MHz uncertainty.
Validation measurements showed agreement within 0.12 MHz compared to the classical heterodyne technique.

Conclusions:

Time-correlated photon counting is a viable metrological tool for optical frequency calibration.
This method is particularly advantageous for calibrating low-power and few-photon laser sources.
The photon-counting approach provides a reliable resource for frequency metrology of faint optical sources.