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In vitro spinal cord trauma.

J D Balentine1, W B Greene, M Bornstein

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.

Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
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This study demonstrates that spinal cord trauma in vitro mirrors in vivo effects, showing similar nerve fiber damage and necrosis. Calcium

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) research often relies on in vivo models.
  • Understanding the cellular mechanisms of SCI requires controlled experimental conditions.
  • In vitro models offer a way to study SCI without confounding systemic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro effects of mechanical trauma on fetal mouse spinal cord explants.
  • To compare the resulting cellular and morphological changes with those observed in vivo.
  • To explore the role of calcium in the cellular response to spinal cord trauma.

Main Methods:

  • Fetal mouse spinal cord explants were cultured in Maximow chambers.
  • Impact trauma was induced by dropping calibrated weights onto the explant surface.

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  • Light and electron microscopy were used for morphological analysis at post-trauma intervals.
  • Calcium localization was performed using pyroantimonate staining in traumatized cultures.

    • Main Results:

    • Traumatized explants exhibited necrosis and nerve fiber changes (granular axoplasm, vesicular myelin, spheroids) mirroring in vivo SCI.
    • These morphological alterations preceded or accompanied necrotic foci.
    • Calcium, when added, localized within the axoplasm, mitochondria, and cytosol of traumatized cells.
    • No inherent calcification was observed in the absence of added calcium.

    Conclusions:

    • In vitro mechanical trauma to spinal cord explants recapitulates key pathological features of in vivo spinal cord injury.
    • The observed cellular changes suggest that vascular injury is not essential for the initial morphological sequence of SCI.
    • This in vitro model provides a valuable tool for studying the cellular pathogenesis of spinal cord trauma and the role of calcium.