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[Non pharmacologic interventions for pain associated to venipuncture in children: a literature review]

Chiara Tibaldo, Emanuele Castagno, Sonia Aguzzi

    Assistenza Infermieristica E Ricerca : AIR
    |December 28, 2020
    PubMed

    Insights

    Non-pharmacological interventions effectively manage venipuncture pain in children. These simple, cost-effective methods improve comfort and cooperation during the procedure, alone or with medication.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Pain Management
    • Evidence-Based Practice
    • Literature Review

    Background:

    • Venipuncture is a common, painful procedure in children.
    • Early pain experiences can negatively impact future pain responses.
    • Effective pain management is crucial for child well-being.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically review non-pharmacological pain management strategies for pediatric venipuncture.
    • To synthesize evidence on the efficacy of these interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Cochrane Database (May-July 2019).
    • Inclusion of 20 articles: randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, pilot study.
    • Analysis of studies involving nearly 20,086 children (ages 1-18).

    Main Results:

    • Non-pharmacological interventions fall into four categories: supportive/environmental, physical, cognitive-behavioral, and non-nutritive sucking.
    • Evidence strength varied from high to extremely low.
    • Interventions were applied in pediatric wards, outpatient settings, and emergency departments.

    Conclusions:

    • Most non-pharmacological methods are simple, inexpensive, and time-efficient.
    • These interventions aid in pain control, comfort, and cooperation during venipuncture.
    • They can be used independently or as adjuncts to pharmacological treatments.

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