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Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
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Recent advances in third space or intramural endoscopy.

Akshay B Shanbhag1, Prashanthi N Thota1, Madhusudhan R Sanaka2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
|December 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Third space endoscopy, or intramural endoscopy, offers a minimally invasive approach to gastrointestinal disorders. This technique, initially for achalasia, now treats various conditions with high efficacy and safety.

Keywords:
Endoscopic submucosal dissectionPer-oral pyloromyotomyPer-rectal endoscopic myotomyPeroral endoscopy myotomyThird space endoscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Endoscopic Techniques

Background:

  • Third space endoscopy involves tunneling within the submucosal space of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • This technique preserves the integrity of the overlying mucosal layer.
  • It has evolved from initial applications to broader clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of third space endoscopy.
  • To highlight its current applications in various gastrointestinal disorders.
  • To assess its role as a minimally invasive surgical alternative.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on third space endoscopy.
  • Analysis of procedural techniques and outcomes.
  • Focus on applications beyond the initial peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).

Main Results:

  • Third space endoscopy began with POEM for achalasia.
  • Applications have expanded to include refractory gastroparesis, Zenker's diverticulum, Hirschsprung's disease, and tumor resections.
  • Procedures demonstrate high effectiveness, excellent outcomes, and low complication rates.

Conclusions:

  • Third space endoscopic procedures are safe and effective.
  • They represent a significant advancement in minimally invasive gastrointestinal treatments.
  • These techniques are increasingly replacing conventional surgical interventions.