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Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Co-transplantation of Human Ovarian Tissue with Engineered Endothelial Cells: A Cell-based Strategy Combining Accelerated Perfusion with Direct Paracrine Delivery
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Chemotherapy Associated Ovarian Failure.

Davide Mauri1,2, Ioanna Gazouli2, Georgios Zarkavelis2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|December 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fertility preservation is crucial for young cancer survivors due to increased malignancy risks. Chemotherapy can cause ovarian failure, impacting future pregnancy chances, necessitating further research for established clinical practices.

Keywords:
cancerchemotherapyovarian failureovarian reservesterility

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Genitourinary Medicine

Background:

  • Rising incidence of malignancies in young adults necessitates fertility preservation strategies.
  • Chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure (COF) significantly reduces pregnancy rates in female cancer survivors.
  • Oncologists face the dual challenge of cancer treatment and preserving reproductive potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing concern of fertility preservation in young cancer survivors.
  • To discuss the impact of chemotherapy on ovarian function and fertility.
  • To emphasize the need for evidence-based guidelines for fertility preservation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chemotherapy's effects on ovarian function.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-associated ovarian failure (COF).
  • Evaluation of current fertility preservation alternatives.

Main Results:

  • Chemotherapy agents can induce DNA damage or apoptosis in ovarian follicles, leading to premature ovarian failure.
  • Combination chemotherapy regimens are associated with the highest incidence of COF.
  • Established practices for fertility preservation in cancer survivors are currently lacking.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to collect sufficient evidence on fertility preservation.
  • Developing clear guidelines is crucial to aid patients and physicians in clinical practice.
  • Addressing COF is vital for improving the quality of life for cancer survivors.