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Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen.

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Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Published on: July 5, 2021

Upward transtentorial herniation.

Nidal B Omar¹, Winfield S Fisher¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL.

Clinical Case Reports

|December 28, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brain herniation, typically downward, can also occur upward, leading to severe clinical outcomes. Understanding upward brain herniation is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:

brain injury brainstem transtentorial herniation upward herniation

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Pathophysiology

Background:

Brain herniation is commonly understood as a downward displacement of brain tissue.
Specific types include subfalcine, transtentorial, and transmagnal herniation.
Downward herniation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the less recognized phenomenon of upward brain herniation.
To discuss the clinical significance and consequences of upward herniation.
To broaden the understanding of brain herniation dynamics.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on brain herniation.
Analysis of clinical case reports and imaging studies.
Pathophysiological correlation of upward brain displacement.

Main Results:

Upward brain herniation, though rare, presents with severe clinical consequences.
It involves the displacement of brain structures in a superior direction.
This phenomenon can be as life-threatening as downward herniation.

Conclusions:

Upward brain herniation is a critical diagnostic consideration.
Recognizing this upward movement is essential for timely and appropriate medical intervention.
Further research into the mechanisms and management of upward herniation is warranted.