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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
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[Activator or Herbst, what's best?]

E M Kramer, G J C Kramer

    Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Tandheelkunde
    |December 28, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Both removable and fixed functional appliances effectively reduce overjet and mandibular retrognathia in the short term. The Herbst appliance may offer better long-term stability for mandibular growth stimulation.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthodontics
    • Craniofacial Growth
    • Dental Appliances

    Background:

    • Mandibular retrognathia and increased overjet are common orthodontic concerns.
    • Functional appliances aim to stimulate mandibular growth and correct these discrepancies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the short- and long-term effectiveness of removable functional appliances (activators) versus fixed functional appliances (Herbst) in treating mandibular retrognathia and reducing overjet.
    • To evaluate the stability of treatment outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparison of removable functional appliances (activators) worn 12-20 hours/day with fixed Herbst appliances.
    • Analysis of short-term and long-term treatment results, including skeletal and dentoalveolar changes.

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    Main Results:

    • Both appliance types effectively reduce overjet, improve molar occlusion, and correct mandibular retrognathia in the short term.
    • Comparative effectiveness on skeletal versus dentoalveolar levels remains inconclusive in literature.
    • Removable appliances show better acceptance in younger patients; fixed appliances are more suitable for adolescents.

    Conclusions:

    • Both functional appliance types offer short-term benefits for mandibular retrognathia and overjet.
    • The Herbst appliance appears to provide greater long-term treatment effect stability.
    • Further research is needed on the long-term stability and the impact of subsequent treatment phases.