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Anatomical changes in postembryonic development of Pycnogonum litorale
1White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya quay 1, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
Journal of Morphology
|December 28, 2020
Summary
This study details the postembryonic development of the sea spider Pycnogonum litorale, revealing synchronized anatomical and lifestyle shifts during its anamorphic and epimorphic stages.
Area of Science:
- Marine Biology
- Developmental Biology
- Arthropod Zoology
Background:
- Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) exhibit unique adult body plans and larval development.
- Pycnogonum litorale, despite its long history, remains poorly understood regarding its internal organization and developmental trajectory.
- Understanding Pycnogonum litorale's development offers insights into chelicerate evolution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct the first comprehensive anatomical study of Pycnogonum litorale instars.
- To investigate the anamorphic and early epimorphic development of Pycnogonum litorale.
- To correlate developmental changes with ecological and dietary shifts.
Main Methods:
- Histology
- Light microscopy
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Main Results:
- Detailed the postembryonic development, including larval organ reorganization, abdomen and trunk segment formation, and reproductive system development.
- Observed accelerated walking leg articulation, formation of specific ganglia, and development of twin midgut diverticula.
- Documented the loss of larval appendages and spinning apparatus, synchronized with ecological and dietary transitions.
Conclusions:
- Pycnogonum litorale undergoes significant anatomical and lifestyle changes throughout its development.
- The transition from anamorphic to epimorphic stages is marked by substantial shifts in anatomy and ecology.
- Developmental plasticity in Pycnogonum litorale highlights adaptations to changing environments and food sources.
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